![]() The comparison of the experimental results with computational fluid dynamics calculations of the gas flow indicates a clear correlation of the flow model behavior with the appearance of recirculation loops in the reaction chamber and the effect of the gas jet at the entrance of the gas- liquid contact zone (Figure 14.4). Although it can be anticipated that concentration polarization will play an important role in these systems, computational fluid dynamics calculations have shown that the membrane surface is effectively refreshed as a result of buoyancy effects. The pressure inside the reactor is a function of the partial vapor pressures and the reaction mixture is non-boiling. In some cases a sweep gas can also be used. After addition of the reactants, the reactor is heated to the desired temperature, the recyde of the mixture over the outside of the membrane tubes is started and a vacuum is apphed at the permeate side. ![]() The average pore size of this layer is 0.3-0.4 nm. ![]() The separating layer of this membrane consists of a less than 0.5 mm film of microporous amorphous silica on the outside of a multilayer alumina support. In this case, a tubular microporous ceramic membrane supplied by ECN was used. With pervaporation membranes the water can be removed during the condensation reaction. This was demonstrated by Schreiber and coworkers by the simulation of alkane combustion, using various reduced kinetic schemes, in computational fluid dynamic calculations. That is, gases which, at the end of compression, are colder than those in the adiabatic core control the duration of the ignition delay. Exceptionally, when the compression heats the reactants to temperatures that correspond to the region of ntc for that particular mixture, combustion may be initiated in the cooler boundary layer region. In most, but not all circumstances, the core gas temperature, T, is the natural reference temperature for the compressed gas because the highest temperature at the end of compression is responsible for the development of spontaneous ignition in the shortest time. Computational fluid dynamics calculations
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